石油烃类污染物对中肋骨条藻和微型原甲藻的毒性效应研究

选择中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum），微型原甲藻（Prorocentrum minimum）作为受试生物，测定了原油、燃料油分散液（WAF）以及添加溢油分散剂后的乳化液（DWAF）对两种微藻的毒性效应参数。结果表明:低浓度的原油WAF和DWAF以及燃料油DWAF均对中肋骨条藻的生长起促进作用，其中，当原油WAF浓度为0.3 mg/L时，促进作用最强；而原油DWAF浓度低于0.5 mg/L时，开始促进生长，当浓度低至0.1 mg/L时，种群增长速率最大。两种微藻在4种不同石油烃类污染物体系中的96 h-EC₅₀差异较大，96 h-EC₅₀值介于0.07~30.77 mg/L之间；其中燃料油DWAF毒性最强，对中肋骨条藻和微型原甲藻的96 h-EC₅₀分别为0.45 mg/L和0.07 mg/L；而微型原甲藻对原油WAF毒性效应敏感性最低，其96 h-EC₅₀高达30.77 mg/L。

Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants on Skeletonema Costatum and Prorocentrum Minimum

This study takes Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum as subjects to test the toxicity of crude and fuel oil water accommodated fractions (WAF) and their dispersed water accommodated fractions (DWAF). According to the result, low concentration crude WAF, crude DWAF, and fuel oil DWAF are benefiting to the growth of Skeletonema costatum. As for crude WAF, it shows the best growth promoting effect with the concentration of 0.3 mg/L. While crude DWAF are not able to be effective if its concentration is higher than 0.5 mg/L and maximum population growth rate can be reached at 0.1 mg/L. Moreover, in the acute toxicity test, the value 96 h-EC₅₀ of four different oil spill pollutants to this two microalgae are quite different, ranging from 0.07 mg/L to 30.77 mg/L. Fuel oil DWAF is the most poisonous one among them, which 96 h-EC₅₀ for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum minimum are 0.45 mg/L and 0.07 mg/L respectively. While Prorocentrum minimum is the most insensitive for the toxicity of crude WAF with the highest 96 h-EC₅₀ of 30.77 mg/L.