分离海洋不动杆菌及其对石油烃降解性能研究

石油降解菌在石油污染生物修复技术中起到非常重要的作用。本研究分别以渤海湾油污区采集的水样，油样，水油泥混合样为材料富集分离石油降解菌，对其进行生理生化及分子生物学鉴定，并采用GC-MS测定烷烃、环烃、芳香烃等石油烃组分的变化。其中3株菌具有较高石油烃降解能力，16SrRNA序列分析表明该3株菌均与不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）有99%序列相似性，可初步鉴定为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）。3株菌的石油烃降解能力依次为Tust-DM21＞Tust-DC12＞Tust-DW04，对原油成分的降解效果依次为烷烃＞芳香烃＞环烃。其中菌株Tust-DM21为一株高效石油烃降解菌，28℃于富集培养基培养10 d后，对烷烃（C10~C30）的降解率可达98%，对芳香烃和环烃的降解率达88%。研究表明，Tust-DM21菌株对烷烃，环烃，芳香烃都有较强的降解能力，是一株具有较好开发前景的石油降解菌。

Isolation of marine Acinetobacter and its characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation

Crude oil degrading bacteria play very important role in the biodegradation of environmental petroleum contaminants. In this study, many petroleum-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated from the crude oil-contaminated seawater, oil sludge, as well as oil-water and sludge mixture in Bohai bay. The strains were identified on the basis of their physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis, and their degradation capacities of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics were evaluated by the GC-MS method. The three bacterial strains that possess high petroleum hydrocarbon degrading capabilities were isolated. The three bacteria strains showed 99% similarity with Acinetobacter by 16SrRNA sequence, and these strains were preliminarily identified as Acinetobacter species. The three bacterial strains have exhibited obvious petroleum hydrocarbon degrading capabilities, and the best performer is the strain Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21, followed by the stain Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DC12, and then is the strain Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DW04. Biodegradation rate of crude oil compositions were observed as alkanes > aromatics > cycloalkanes. Among the three strains, the strain Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21 is the most effective petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium. The strain shows degradation rate of alkanes (C10~C30) reaching up to 98%, and degradation rate of aromatics and cycloalkanes reaching up to 88% during 10 days of incubation at 28℃. These results suggest that Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21 has highly effective degrading capability related to alkanes, aromatics and cycloalkanes. Therefore, Acinetobacter sp. Tust-DM21 may employ as an excellent degrader in the future for the bioremediation of marine environments polluted by crude oil.