北极新奥尔松地区粪土中大肠杆菌和肠球菌的分布及耐药性分析

采用滤膜法对2012年北极黄河站科学考察采集的新奥尔松地区8个鹿粪和1个鸟粪样品进行分离鉴定，共获得84株肠球菌和85株大肠杆菌。84株肠球菌分属于10个属，其中屎肠球菌（28株）、鼠肠球菌（28株）及鸟肠球菌（10株）为优势菌。采用K-B纸片法对受试菌株进行药敏试验结果显示:85株大肠杆菌对利福平全部耐药，对氨苄西林的耐药率为81%；对甲氧苄啶（TMP）、喹诺酮类的萘啶酸（NAL）与环丙沙星（CIP）、四环素（TCY）4种抗生素高度敏感。84株肠球菌中屎肠球菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高（89%），对万古霉素耐药率最低（4%）。10株鸟肠球菌对利福平全部耐药，而28株鼠肠球菌对利福平耐药率最低（4%），对链霉素耐药率最高（75%）。18株其他肠球菌对利福平耐药率最高（61%）。上述结果表明抗生素耐药性已出现于北极新奥尔松地区野生动物肠道菌群中。

Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococci isolated from fecal soil in Ny-Alesund,the Arctic

A total of 85 isolates of Escherichia coli and 84 isolates of Enterococci were screened from one bird faeces and eight deer manure located in Ny-Alesund, Arctic of the fifth Arctic scientific expedition, using the membrane filtration method.Eighty-four Enterococci isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus ratti, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus hirae, Entercoccus villorum, Entercoccus saccharolyticus, Entercoccus flavescens, Entercoccus dispar, Entercoccus sulfureus and Entercoccus PNS-E2 in ten genera.In addition, antimicrobial susceptibilites of isolates were determined through the K-B disk diffusion method.Among the 85 E.coli isolates, the resistant frequence to rifampicin and ampicillin was 100% and 81%, respectively. E.coli isolates were highly sensitive to trimethoprim (TMP), nalidixic acid (NAL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and tetracycline (TCY). E.faecium isolates were resistant to 11 antibiotics, which of ampicillin resistant rate was highest (89%), of vancomycin resistance was the lowest (4%).Ten E.avium isolates were resistant to rifampicin.Among the 28 E.ratti isolates, 21 isolates were resistant to streptomycin with the highest rate, while the rifampicin resistance was the lowest (4%).The remaining 18 isolates of Enterococci were resistant to 7 common used antibiotics with the highest resistant rate (61%) to rifampicin.The above results suggested that antibiotic resistance occurred in the rectal microbial flora of local wildlife in Arctic.