辽宁双台河口湿地沉积物中微塑料污染分布特征

河口湿地作为陆地与海洋之间的重要缓冲地带，是陆海微塑料的潜在储库。本文研究了辽宁双台河口湿地沉积物中微塑料污染情况，涵盖海水养殖区、旅游景区、芦苇沼泽区和碱蓬滩涂区。研究结果表明:4个研究区域的微塑料平均丰度分别为（296.89 ± 139.07）个/kg（dw）、（171.56 ± 62.82）个/kg（dw）、（152.89 ± 21.29）个/kg（dw） 和（69.33 ± 6.80）个/kg（dw）；微塑料的主要形状为片状、球状、线状和泡沫状；粒径<1 mm的微塑料占比最高，约为56.3%；沉积物中微塑料的成分以聚苯乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为主，其次为聚丙烯、聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯；部分微塑料的表面存在马来酸酐接枝和铬等有毒物质，会引起潜在生态风险；双台河口湿地沉积物中微塑料的主要来源可能是水产养殖、旅游观光、石油开采等活动。为了更全面地探究湿地微塑料的分布特征及来源，未来需要增加湿地采样点的布设并进行长期监测。

Characteristics of microplastic pollution in sediments of Shuangtai estuary wetland in Liaoning

As an important buffer zone between land and ocean, estuary wetland is a potential sink of microplastics from land and sea. This paper studied the distribution of microplastic pollution in the sediments of the Shuangtai estuary wetland in Liaoning, covering the mariculture area, the tourism area, the reed marsh area and the tidal flat area where Suaeda salsa grows. The result showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the four areas above were (296.89 ± 139.07) items/kg(dw), (171.56 ± 62.82) items/kg(dw), (152.89 ± 21.29) items/kg(dw) and (69.33 ± 6.80) items/kg(dw). The main shapes of microplastics were lamellar, globular, linear and foamy. Microplastics with a particle size of <1 mm accounted for the highest proportion, about 56.3%. The microplastics in the sediment are mainly composed of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. There were maleic anhydride grafts and chromium and other toxic substances on the surface of some microplastics, which would cause potential ecological risk. The main sources of microplastics in the sediments of Shuangtai estuary wetland may be aquaculture, tourism, petroleum extraction and other activities. In order to explore the distribution characteristics and sources of microplastics in the wetland more comprehensively, it is necessary to increase the layout of sampling points in the wetland and carry out long-term monitoring in the future.