冰藻在北冰洋生态系统中的重要性及其对全球变暖的响应

在全球变暖的背景下，北极正在经历剧烈的环境变化，如海冰消融、海水淡化、海平面上升、海流变化以及紫外线辐射增强等。北极是对全球气候变化最敏感的地区之一，其特殊的地理位置和极地放大效应使北冰洋生态系统极为脆弱。冰藻作为初级生产者，是北冰洋生态系统的重要组成成分，在全球生物地球化学循环和能量流动过程中发挥着重要的作用，对环境变化的响应十分敏感，是一种良好的环境指示生物，研究其对全球变暖的响应具有重要意义。本文从冰藻对北冰洋的生物量、生产力、沉积有机碳的埋藏以及渔业资源等方面的作用，分析了冰藻对北冰洋生态系统的重要性，结合冰藻的群落结构、时空分布等方面的变化，论述了冰藻对全球变暖的响应。

The importance of ice algae in the Arctic Ocean ecosystem and their responses to the global warming

The Arctic has been undergoing drastic environmental changes with the global warming, such as melting of sea ice, desalination of sea water, rising sea level, changing ocean currents and increasing ultraviolet radiation. The Arctic is one of the most sensitive regions response to global climate change. The special geographic location and the polar amplification effect make the Arctic Ocean ecosystem extremely vulnerable. As the primary producer, ice algae are the important components of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem and regarded as a good environmental indicator, which play important roles in the process of biogeochemical cycle and energy flow. Ice algae are sensitive to environmental changes, and it is greatly significant to study their responses to the global warming. The roles of ice algae are discussed in this paper from the aspects of their contributions to the Arctic Ocean ecosystem, including biomass, productivity, sedimentary organic carbon burial, and fishery resources. The responses of ice algae to the global warming are summarized according to the changes of their biomass, productivity, community structure, spatial and temporal distribution, and growth and export time. This paper provides relevant basis for the protection of Arctic Ocean ecosystem and the formulation of coping strategies for the global warming crisis.