海洋底栖病毒生态作用的研究进展

病毒是地球上丰度最高的生命形式，广泛分布于包括深部生物圈在内的各种环境中。病毒通过侵染微生物宿主影响其生理特征、生态过程和生物地球化学循环。研究发现，病毒裂解是导致深海底栖原核生物死亡的主要原因，这一认识引起了研究者对底栖病毒的广泛关注。为了更为全面地认识底栖病毒的生态作用，本文分析了底栖病毒的生态特性（分布、丰度、多样性和生活方式），动力学过程与影响因素，与宿主的相互作用以及在碳循环上的生态贡献。同时，对底栖病毒未来在生物学、生态学和生物地球化学领域的研究方向提出了展望，论文旨在提升对底栖病毒生态作用的理解，为底栖病毒生态学和相关学科的发展提供借鉴。

Advances of ecological roles in marine benthic viruses

Viruses are the most abundant life forms on the earth and widely distributed in various environments including the deep biosphere. Viruses infect microbial hosts and affect their physiological characteristics, ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles. Recently, the latest results have shown that viral lysis is the main driver for the death of benthic prokaryotes. These findings have attracted extensive attention of researchers on benthic viruses. In order to have a comprehensive understanding the ecological roles of benthic viruses, we summarized the important findings in viral ecological features (distribution, abundance, biodiversity, and lifestyle), dynamics and impact factors, interactions with the host and viral ecological effects in the carbon cycle. Meanwhile, the future research directions of benthic viruses in biology, ecology and biogeochemistry field were also prospected. The aim of this review is to enhance the understanding of the ecological role in benthic viruses and provide reference for the development of benthic viral ecology and its related disciplines.