中国水域中华白海豚种群分布现状与保护

中华白海豚是国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,在中国主要分布于广西、海南、广东、香港、澳门、福建、台湾西部、浙江沿岸,向北达东海北部长江口,黄海北部辽宁沿岸偶有发现.自南向北形成各自的地方种群,相邻种群间可能有基因交流.渔业时有误捕,沿岸屡有搁浅,各栖息地段的种群数量呈现减少趋势.资源减少的主要原因是受人类活动加剧的影响,以及生态环境不断恶化,威胁着本种的生存.为此建立中华白海豚自然保护区是最有效的保护措施之一,但亟待采取有效的管理措施和健全管理机制,加强中华白海豚的资源保护.

Present status of distribution and protection of Chinese white dolphins (Sousa chinensis) population in Chinese waters

The Chinese white dolphin(Sousa chinens,) is listed as the first order wild animals for protection in China.The Chinese white dolphins mainly distribute in the coastal waters along Guangxi,Hainan,Guangdong,Macao,Hong Kong,Fujian,west of Taiwan and Zhejiang.The Chinese white dolphins can reach to Yangzi River estuary and even enter to the coastal waters of Liaoning,Yellow Sea accidentally.The Chinese white dolphins in Chinese waters form the several local populations.In recent years,there are some reports about Chinese white dolphin by-catch in fishing and stranding in the coastal waters.The populations of the Chinese white dolphins in each habitat almost were decreased in different extent.The main reasons of resources recession of the Chinese white dolphins in Chinese waters are due to the impact of human activities and deteriorate of ecosystem.At present,the establishment of the Chinese white dolphin protective reservoir should be considered as one of the best protection way.But the effective management and integrity superintendence mechanism are also needed for the resources protection.