天津滨海新区围海造地的生态环境影响分析

选择具有重要典型意义的环渤海城市快速扩张地区渤海湾西岸天津滨海新区段为例,从宏观的景观格局变化与时空演变,微观尺度上的近海生态环境变化方面分析了天津滨海新区围海造地的生态环境影响。结果显示:(1)随着天津滨海新区2006年纳入国家发展战略以及总体规划的实施,围海造地面积从2004年的52.32 km2迅速增加2010年的312.78km2,规划到2020年将增加到425.94 km2,人工岸线从41.16 km增加到217.79 km,造成景观自然性急剧下降,人类对近海的干扰强度过大。(2)对纳潮量造成影响,经过围海造地,天津滨海新区段纳潮量减少了13.7%,纳潮量的减少进一步影响了污染物的稀释与扩散。(3)海洋生态功能受到影响2,010年渤海湾天津滨海新区段的近海生态服务价值将下降18%。

Ecological impacts of marine reclamation in Binhai New Area of Tianjin

As a representative of the areas with rapid urban sprawl,the West Bohai Bay in Binhai New Area of Tianjin was selected to analyze the ecological influence of marine reclamation in two scales,in the macroscopical scale of changes of landscape and spatial-temporal evolution,in the microcosmic scale of eco-environmental changes of the inshore area.It is indicated that firstly,the area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010,and will reach to 425.94 km2 in 2020 as to the overall planning of Tianjin.The length of artificial shoreline raised from 41.16 km to 52.32 km among the 6 years,suggesting the naturality of the landscape reduced sharply.Secondly,after the reclamation,the tidal prism of West Bohai Bay reduced by 13.7%,which affect the dilution and dispersion of the pollutant,further.Thirdly,owing to the occupation of habitat,the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton declined.Finally,it is estimated that the Ecosystem service value declined by 18% because of the marine reclamation.