O#柴油分散液和乳化液对栉孔扇贝的急性毒性效应及富集差异性分析

本文以我国船舶常用燃料油0#柴油作为实验油品，以常用作海洋污染物指示的栉孔扇贝为受试生物，采用半静态暴毒实验法分别开展了栉孔扇贝对0#柴油分散液和柴油乳化液的急性毒性效应、富集与释放特征的对比研究。结果表明:（1）石油烃对栉孔扇贝具有较强的毒性效应，栉孔扇贝在柴油分散液中的96 h-LC₅₀为2.68 mg/L，在柴油乳化液中的96 h-LC₅₀为1.74 mg/L，二者均为高毒物质，消油剂的使用增加了柴油对扇贝的毒性；（2）栉孔扇贝在柴油乳化液中的稳态生物富集系数BCF₁为404.6~91.75 mg/L，动力学生物富集系数BCF₂为1973.80~327.06 mL/g，动力学吸收速率常数k_u为8.89~0.71 mL/（g·h），均大于同浓度下在柴油分散液中BCF（292.2~49.6 mL/g、1412.4~106.5 mL/g）和k_u（6.92~0.48 mL/（g·h）），表明栉孔扇贝对柴油乳化液有更强的富集能力与富集速率。

Acute toxicity effects and bioaccumulation characteristics of No.0 diesel dispersion and diesel emulsion on Chlamys Farreri

In this paper, the Chlamys farreri was exposed in No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion to study the characteristic of its acute toxic and accumulation and elimination effects using the semi-static bioassay.The results show that:(1) The 96 h-LC₅₀ of No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion are 2.68 mg/L and 1.74 mg/L, diesel dispersion and emulsion are both high toxic substances, and diesel oil shows more toxic when mixed with dispersant; (2) Steady-state bioaccumulation factor BCF₁ (404.6~91.75 mg/L)and kinetic bioaccumulation factor BCF₂(1973.80~327.06 mL/g) and kinetic uptake rate constant ku(8.89~0.71 mL/(g·h)) in diesel emulsion are greater than that in the same concentration of diesel dispersion, but there was no significant relationship between the elimination rate constant and concentration in ambient seawater.Results indicated that Chlamys farreri has greater enrichment ability and rate in diesel emulsion.