珊瑚礁白化监测方法研究进展

珊瑚礁是地球上生物多样性最丰富、最有价值的海洋生态系统，但其生态也非常脆弱。近年来，由于气候变化、过渡捕捞和环境污染等影响，全球珊瑚礁生态系统退化严重。其中，全球变暖、海表温度异常升高导致大量珊瑚白化，已成为全球珊瑚礁最大威胁，因此珊瑚礁的白化监测对于海洋生态系统管理、保护生物多样性具有重要意义。本文综述了国内外监测珊瑚礁白化的主要监测方法，将其总结归纳为三类:现场监测、生态监测和遥感监测方法，介绍和评述了各方法的原理及优缺点，并展望了监测珊瑚礁白化方法的发展前景。目前，通过海水温度预测珊瑚礁白化状况的监测方法应用最为广泛，但其监测精度还有待于提升。纵观全球，美国和澳大利亚对于珊瑚礁健康状况监测工作起步较早且已实现常规化运行，而我国相对起步较晚，监测手段落后。

Review of methods for coral reef bleaching monitoring

Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse, valuable and fragile marine ecosystems on earth.In recent years, coral reefs around the world have been experienced bleaching resulting from anthropogenic activities, climate change and environmental pollution.Global warming and sea surface temperature anomaly induced coral bleaching events are the greatest threats to coral reefs.Coral reefs and associated tropical near-shore ecosystems have suffered massive, long-term decline in abundance, diversity, and habitat structure.Therefore, coral bleaching monitoring is of great importance to the management of marine ecosystem and the conservation of the biodiversity.This paper reviewed the monitoring methods of coral bleaching at home and abroad, which can be divided into three types, that is, in-situ observation, ecological monitoring and remote sensing monitoring methods.We introduced and commented briefly the principles, advantages and disadvantages of each method, and the development tendencies of the monitoring method in the near future were also given.Among the methods, the methodology based on remote sensed sea surface temperature has been the most widely used, but the accuracy of monitoring method needs to be improved for small scale coral bleaching.The monitoring of coral bleaching in the US and Australia started earlier and has been routinely operated in the world.In contrast, our country started relatively late and lagged behind in monitoring methods.