人类活动对40年间黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化的影响

为了解人类活动对黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化的影响以及判别主导的人为因素，本文采用Landsat系列1976、1986、1996、2006、2016年卫星数据，利用景观转移矩阵、人类活动强度模型等方法对40 a人类活动影响下黄河三角洲湿地景观类型变化进行定量监测并对研究区内人类活动影响大小进行分区评估，研究结果如下:（1）受人类干扰影响较大的三种主要转换:自然湿地向人工和非湿地转移量最多、非湿地向人工湿地转移其次、人工湿地向非湿地转移最小。（2）40 a人类活动影响比率由前10 a的16.77%到后10 a达到了52.93%。1976~2006年农田开垦是影响景观类型变化的主要因素，2006~2016年间由各种人类活动影响导致的自然湿地面积变化转移分布较为均衡，向库塘转移比例较大占34%。1976~2016年整体上以农田开垦为主。（3）人类活动强度模型适用于黄河三角洲湿地人类活动强度的评估计算，从结果可以看出1976~2016年，重度干扰主要集中于沿海区域，未干扰和干扰减弱区主要集中于自然保护区内，与实际野外调查结果较为贴合。该研究结果可为有关部门对黄河三角洲湿地保护和管理、修复提供有利参考。

Impacts of human activities on the changes of wetland landscape types in the Yellow River Delta during the past 40 years

In order to understand the impact of human activities on the changes of wetland landscape types in the Yellow River Delta wetland and to identify the dominant human factors, this paper uses Landsat 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016 satellite data and uses landscape transfer matrix, and human activity intensity model to quantitatively monitor the wetland landscape types under the influence of human activities in the Yellow River Delta during the 40 years and assess the impact of human activities by partitioning in the study area.The results are as follows:(1) Three kinds of conversions that are greatly affected by human disturbance:natural wetlands to human-made wetlands and non-wetlands are the most, and non-wetlands to human-made wetlands are medium, and human-made wetlands to non-wetlands are the least. (2) The proportion of landscape types that have been affected by human disturbances in the study area has been increasing, and the impact rate of human activities has increased from 16.77% in the first 10 years to 52.93% in the last 10 years.Farmland farming was the main human activity factor affecting the change of landscape types from 1976 to 2006.Between 2006 and 2016, the distribution of changes in natural wetlands area affected by various human activities is relatively balanced, and the proportion of transfer to reservoirs ponds is 34%.Farmland reclamation was the main influence in 1976-2016. (3) The human activity intensity model is applicable to the calculation of human activity intensity in the Yellow River Delta wetland.Between 1976 and 2016, severe disturbances were mainly concentrated in coastal areas, undisturbed and interference weakening areas were mainly concentrated in nature reserves.The results are in good agreement with the actual field survey results.The results of the study can provide a useful reference for the relevant departments to protect, manage and rehabilitate wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.