四种石油分散液对栉孔扇贝和刺参的急性毒性研究

选择栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）和刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）作为受试生物，采用半静态试验法测定了原油、燃料油分散液（WAF）以及添加消油剂后的乳化液（DWAF）对两种生物的毒性效应。采用概率单位算法并利用SPSS 13.0进行数据处理，计算出96h-LC₅₀。结果表明，4种石油烃对栉孔扇贝和刺参的96h-LC₅₀为:DWAF_燃料油（1.14 mg/L，0.16 mg/L）> DWAF_原油（1.39 mg/L，0.74 mg/L）> WAF_燃料油（1.80 mg/L，4.10 mg/L）> WAF_原油（3.40 mg/L，6.44 mg/L）。4种石油分散液对两种生物均有明显致毒效应；轻质油（燃料油）的毒性效应较重质油（原油）大；加入消油剂后石油烃毒性增强，并且对刺参的毒性增强更明显，建议使用栉孔扇贝和刺参共同评估海洋溢油生态损害。

Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants on Chlamys Farreri and Apostichopus Japonicus

In this study, the acute toxic effects of the water-soluble fraction of crude and fuel oil with or without dispersants were investigated, using chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus as test organisms.The 96h-LC₅₀ values for chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were resulted:fuel oil with dispersants (1.14 mg/L, 0.16 mg/L) > crude oil with dispersants (1.39 mg/L, 0.74 mg/L) >fuel oil without dispersants (1.80 mg/L, 4.10 mg/L) > crude oil without dispersants (3.40 mg/L, 6.44 mg/L).It is showed that the test substances had significant toxicity on the chlamys farreri and the apostichopus japonicas:the toxicity of the light oil(fuel oil) is higher than that of the heavy oil(crude oil) and the oil dispersants could make the toxicity much more higher, especially for apostichopus japonicus.The results also indicated that chlamys farreri and apostichopus japonicus were the proper test organisms for ecological risk assessment of marine oil spills.