我国海水养殖业的抗生素污染现状

我国海水养殖业存在抗生素使用不当的现象，由此引发的人体健康风险和环境污染问题受到社会各界的广泛关注。一方面，养殖水体与海洋具有连通性，因此养殖区的抗生素残留可能会在海洋生态系统中扩散迁移，导致自然环境中抗生素及抗生素抗性水平的提高；另一方面，海产品中抗生素残留带来了食品安全和进出口贸易纠纷问题。本文从我国海水养殖业抗生素的使用情况、海水养殖区水体及沉积物中抗生素浓度、主要海产品的抗生素残留等3个方面，系统介绍了我国海水养殖业抗生素的污染现状，为我国海水养殖业抗生素的合理使用和有效监管提供参考。

Antibiotic contamination in mariculture in China

The use of antibiotics in China’s mariculture industry attracts increasing public concerns due to the undesirable effects on human health and ecosystems. As mariculture areas connect with sea, residual antibiotics, which are not absorbed by seafoods, are prone to diffuse into the surrounding seawater or deposit in the sediments, and then give rise to the antibiotic contamination and antibiotic resistance in the marine ecosystem. On the other hand, antibiotic residues in seafoods lead to the problems of food security and trade disputes. In this review, we summarize the usage of antibiotics in the mariculture, the antibiotic concentrations in the water and sediment of mariculture areas, and the antibiotic residues in main seafoods in China. The data and status analysis will provide guidance to the rational use and surveillance of antibiotics in China’s mariculture industry.