辽东湾近岸海域开发利用对海水环境质量的影响

为定量评估近岸海域开发利用水平及沿海城市经济产业结构对海水环境质量的影响，本文以辽东湾近岸海域为研究对象，运用水质综合评价指数、内梅罗指数和主成分指数对近岸海域水质环境进行了评价；基于方差分解分析，研究了近岸海域开发利用水平、经济产业结构等对海水环境质量的影响贡献率。结果表明，大连和葫芦岛近岸海域水质环境显著优于辽河口附近的盘锦、营口和锦州；海洋功能区和海水质量指数具有一定的空间关联性，但不同功能区之间差异性不显著；海域开发利用水平和海水水质综合评价指数及内梅罗指数呈极显著正相关性，沿海城市人均GDP和海水水质指数呈“倒U形”的库兹涅兹曲线关系；方差分解分析表明，海域开发利用强度能够累计解释海水环境质量变化的42.3%，经济产业结构能够累计解释海水环境质量变化的31.8%，海域开发利用水平和经济产业结构直接影响贡献率为16.5%，而自然地理位置与海域开发利用强度以及自然地理位置与经济产业结构交互作用的累计解释贡献率为58.9%。研究结果表明，围填海管控、近岸海域综合治理及沿海产业结构优化对改善近岸海域环境质量具有重要作用。

The impact of the development and utilization of the coastal areas of Liaodong Bay on the environmental quality of seawater

To quantitatively evaluate the development and utilization level of coastal areas and the impact of the economic industrial structure of coastal cities on the environmental quality of seawater, the coastal areas of Liaodong Bay were taken as the research object, and the water quality of the coastal waters was evaluated by using the comprehensive water quality evaluation index, Nemero index and principal component index. Based on the analysis of variance decomposition, this paper studied the impact contribution rate of the development and utilization level of the coastal areas, the economic industrial structure and the spatial location on the environmental quality of the seawater. The results showed that the water quality environment of Dalian and Huludao was significantly better than that of Panjin, Yingkou, and Jinzhou near the Liaohe estuary; the marine functional area and seawater quality index had a certain spatial correlation, but the difference between different functional areas was not significant; and the level of sea area development and utilization had an extremely significant positive correlation with the comprehensive evaluation index of sea water quality and Nemeiro index. The per capita GDP of coastal cities and sea water quality index were in an “inverted U-shaped” Kuznets curve relationship; variance decompose analysis showed that the intensity of sea area development and utilization could cumulatively explain 42.3% of the changes in the quality of the seawater environment, the economic and industrial structure could cumulatively explain 31.8% of the changes, the direct impact of the level of development and utilization of the sea area and the economic and industrial structure contributed 16.5%, while the interaction between natural geographic location and sea area development and utilization intensity and economic industrial structure could cumulatively explain 58.9% of the changes. The results of this study strongly support the management and control of sea reclamation, comprehensive management of coastal waters, and optimization of coastal industrial structure, which play an important role in improving the environmental quality of coastal waters.