溢油在海洋环境中的风化过程

本文详尽地介绍了石油进入海洋环境后受风、浪、流、光照、环境条件和生物活动等因素的影响。其物理性质和化学性质由于风化作用都随时间不断地发生变化。引起这些变化的主要过程是溢油的蒸发过程，溶解过程，乳化过程，吸附沉淀过程，光氧经和生物降解过程。溢油的蒸发速率与环境温度、风速、光照、溢油的面积以及溢油本身的性质有着密切的关系。蒸发速率大约是溶解速率的６０倍。乳化过程与风浪、涡动和湍流等因素有关。吸附沉淀过

Weathering Processes of Spilled Oil in the Marine Environment

Effects of wind ,wave ,current,sunlight ,environmental conditions and living action etc.on oil spilled into the marine environment are described in detail.The physical and chemical properties of it change continously with time because of the weathering.The main processes of the changes caused are evaporation,dissolution,emulsification,adsorption-sink,light-oxidation and bildegradation.The evaporation speed of spill oil has a close relationship with environmental temperature,wind speed ,sunlight ,the size as well as the properties of oil spill itself.The evaporation speed is about 60 times as fast as dissolved.The emulfication process bears relation with wind-wave,eddycurrent,turbulence,Yhe adsorption-sink process is caused by the atmospheric sink-particles,and the clay,calcite etc.materialsin seawater.The factors of impact on light-oxidation are pH,sulfide ,sulfate as well as compounds containing sulphur and trace metals.The bildegradation speed bears relation with the environmental temperature,salinity,pH,nutrient factors.The paper also deals with the recent advance of the research on the significant weathering processes at home and abroad.It provided the great information for understanding the marine oil pollution in more detail and deeply studying the weathering processes of oil spilled,prediction of the residuary amount and fate of it.