基于传输路径的秦皇岛海域微塑料分布特征调查

微塑料作为新兴污染物被广泛关注，但其在入海传输路径所涉及的环境介质中的分布特征仍有待进一步研究。为给微塑料入海传输研究提供更多可行的基础数据，本研究于2019年、2020年不同水期对秦皇岛海域4种环境介质(入海河口水体、岸滩底泥、表层海水和近岸底泥)进行采样，分析微塑料的种类、粒径、形状和颜色等指标，并基于以上结果分析入海传输路径上不同环境介质中微塑料的分布特征。结果表明，秦皇岛海域微塑料污染在4种环境介质中广泛存在，总体呈中等水平，入海河口水体、岸滩底泥、表层海水和近岸底泥微塑料平均丰度分别为(721.42±530.13) n/m³、(450.00±326.60) n/kg、(0.42±0.28) n/m³和(613.24±410.04) n/kg。不同水期的调查结果对比表明，降雨会显著降低入海河口水体、岸滩底泥和近岸底泥中的微塑料含量；空间上的分析表明，人类活动极易影响微塑料的分布。在各类环境介质中，粒径<0.5 mm的小粒径微塑料占比最大；纤维状微塑料更易赋存在水体中，碎片状和颗粒状微塑料更易传输到沉积物中；而微塑料的颜色在传输过...

Investigation of microplastics distribution characteristics in Qinhuangdao sea area based on transmission path

Microplastics are widely studied as emerging pollutants, but their distribution in the environmental media involved in the transmission path to the sea still needs further study. In order to provide more feasible basic data for the study of microplastic transport to the sea, this study sampled four environmental media (inlet waters, shore beach sediment, surface seawater and nearshore sediment) in Qinhuangdao sea during different water periods in 2019 and 2020, and the types, particle sizes, shapes and colors of microplastics were analyzed, and based on the above results, the distribution characteristics of microplastics in different environmental media along the transmission path to the sea were analyzed. The results show that microplastics pollution is widespread in Qinhuangdao sea area, and the overall level is moderate, the average abundance of microplastics in inlet waters, in shore beach sediment, in surface seawater and in nearshore sediment was (721.42±530.13) n/m3, (450.00±326.60) n/kg, (0.42±0.28) n/m3 and (613.24±410.04) n/kg. The comparison of results from different water periods showed that rainfall affects the microplastic content in the inlet waters, shore beach sediment and nearshore sediment; the spatial differences indicate showed that the distribution of microplastics was highly susceptible to the influence of human activities. In all types of environmental media, small particle size microplastics <0.5 mm account for a large proportion; microplastics with fibrous shape were more likely to be deposited in the aqueous environment, while fragmented and granular microplastics were more likely to be transported to the sediment environment; and the color of microplastics was not found to change significantly during the transmission. The types of microplastics found were mainly PET, Rayon, PE and PA and the analysis showed that the transport process also has an effect on the type distribution of microplastics.