Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors |
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Authors: | Shixiang Li Xulan Zhang Er Bei Huihui Yue Pengfei Lin Jun Wang Xiaojian Zhang and Chao Chen |
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Institution: | State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
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Abstract: | N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine (DMA) and ranitidine (RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal (DMA > 78% and RNTD > 94%) observed at pH < pka-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca2 + > Mg2 + > RNTD+ > K+ > DMA+ > NH4+ > Na+. The partition coefficient of DMA+ to Na+ was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD+ to Na+ was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca2 + were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes. |
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Keywords: | Ion exchange Cation exchange resin N-nitrosamine precursors Dimethylamine Ranitidine |
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