Towards sustainability in urban water: a life cycle analysis of the urban water system of Alexandria City,Egypt |
| |
| Authors: | Mohamed El-Sayed Mohamed Mahgoub Nico Peter van der Steen Khaled Abu-Zeid Kala Vairavamoorthy |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Environment and Climate Research Institute P.O. Box 13621, Delta Barrage, Cairo, Egypt;2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands;3. Center for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE), P.O. Box 1057, Cairo 11737, Egypt;1. Irstea, UMR ITAP, ELSA, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, F-34196 Montpellier, France;2. Veolia Eau d''Île-de-France, 28 Boulevard du Pesaro, F-92739 Nanterre, France;3. CyVi, ISM, ENSCBP – Bordeaux INP, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, F-33607 Pessac, France;4. Irstea, UMR G-EAU, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, F-34196 Montpellier, France;1. Irstea, UMR ITAP, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, F-34196 Montpellier, France;2. Veolia Eau d''Île-de-France, 28 Boulevard du Pesaro, F-92739 Nanterre, France;3. ELSA, Research Group for Environmental Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment, 2 Place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;2. Shell (China) Ltd., China |
| |
| Abstract: | Urban water authorities and water planers in many countries are struggling to satisfy the growing urban water and sanitation demands, while at the same time achieving sustainability of the urban water system. This research focused on the assessment of the environmental impact of today's Alexandria's urban water system and on the identification of options to improve the sustainability of the system. Therefore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used. The urban water system was modelled using SimaPro software, and the impacts of various options on the system were analyzed based on the Eco-indicator 99 assessment method. The results show that the highest impact in today's system is generated by the disposal of primary treated wastewater (68% of the total impact) and by high-energy-consuming water treatment plants (18% of the total impact). The research assessed different scenarios for improving the environmental performance of the system and a paradigm shift (decentralization and separation at-source of different kinds of household wastewater) was found to be the preferred long-term scenario. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
