Emergy evaluation of Sicilian red orange production. A comparison between organic and conventional farming |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physical and Chemical Methodologies for Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy;2. Institute of Citriculture, Acireale, Catania, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, USA;1. Ecodynamics Group, Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Pian dei Mantellini 44, 53100 Siena, Italy;2. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;2. Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;3. Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran;4. Department of Agricultural Systems Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;6. Head of Process Engineering & Systems Improvement, Management of Fruit and Vegetables Organizations, Tehran Municipality, Tehran, Iran;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Department of Sciences and Technologies, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale—Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy;3. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, Beijing 100875, China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China;2. China Institute of Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, PR China;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China;4. Institute of Applied System Analysis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China;5. Environmental Protection Bureau of Haixi Prefecture, Delingha, 817099, PR China;1. College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | This study examines, by using emergy analysis, the production of red orange in Sicily in order to evaluate resource use, productivity, environmental impact and overall sustainability. Four different sicilian farms were studied in order to compare conventional with organic production. Several indices derived from the emergy evaluation were used: the emergy yield ratio (EYR); the environmental loading ratio (ELR); the index of sustainability (SI). Organic orange production appears to use more renewable resources and less purchased energy and materials. |
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