溃坝模型在尾矿库风险评估中的应用

利用泥石流及水库溃坝等方面的经验公式和数学模型,模拟了风水沟尾矿库溃坝后尾砂流的演进过程,并分别计算了坝高为160m和200m两种情景溃坝后尾砂流在下游典型断面处的最大下泄流量、到达时间、过流面积、淹没深度及其影响范围。结果表明:在距坝址1km范围内区域受尾砂流冲击负荷最强,随即最大流量迅速衰减,流量过程线趋于平缓;不同坝高的溃坝差异较大,坝高由160m增至200m,淹没深度大于1m的覆盖范围由2km扩大至3km。另外,针对溃坝事故提出了利用矿坑接纳尾砂流的风险防范措施,对同类尾矿库的工程设计和应急管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。

Application of Dam Failure Model to the Risk Evaluation of Tailing Dams

Based on the experienced formula and mathematical model of debris flow and dam failure,this paper simulates the evolutional process of dam failure and calculates the maximum discharge,flowing time,dimension of cross section,submerging depth and area of influence of the tailing flow for the situation in which one dam has the height of 160 meters and the other 200 meters.The results indicate that the tailing flow is the most powerful within the area one kilometer away from the dam and then it becomes gentle.There is the significant difference of dam failure for dams with different heights;when the dam height rises from 160 meters to 200 meters,the area of influence with the submerging depth of more than one meter will spread from two kilometers to three kilometers.The paper also puts forward preventive measures against the risk so as to provide references for the engineering design and emergency management of similar tailing dams.