深圳市龙华区PM2.5污染与减排过程模拟分析

通过分析深圳市龙华区2018年大气环境承载力发现,NO2和PM10的实际大气环境承载量已经降到了理想大气环境容量范围内,而PM2.5的实际大气环境承载量则已超过理想大气环境容量近1000 t,说明PM2.5仍是龙华区大气污染防治的重点工作,利用科学手段精准、有效地指导PM2.5减排工作十分重要。基于相关监测数据,结合WRF-Chem大气化学模式,对深圳市龙华区2017年、2019年冷季大气中PM2.5污染日案例和2018年暖季大气中PM2.5相对清洁日案例的PM2.5污染与减排过程进行了模拟分析。结果表明:为达到PM2.5浓度的控制目标,龙华区需在相对清洁时期的排放量上减排30%,污染时期的排放量上减排70%~75%,且减排工作在PM2.5浓度高峰时期开展能取得较好的减排效果;龙华区大气污染受周边区域传输污染的影响较大,减排任务较为严峻,需要其他地区协同参与,共同减排。

Simulation of PM2.5 Pollution and Emission Reduction Processes in Longhua District of Shenzhen City

According to the analysis of the atmospheric environmental bearing capacity of Longhua District in Shenzhen City in 2018,it was found that the actual atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of NO2 and PM10 had been reduced to the range of ideal ones.On the contrary,the actual atmospheric environmental carrying capacity of PM2.5 exceeded its ideal atmospheric environmental capacity by nearly 1000 tons,indicating that it would be essential to take advantages of scientific means to guide the emission reduction of PM2.5 accurately.Based on the monitoring data and WRF-Chem atmospheric chemistry model,this paper analyzes the typical cases of PM2.5 pollution processes and models the strategies of emission reductions.To control the concentration of PM2.5 and satisfy the standards,Longhua District is required to adopt the emission reduction strategies to cut down 30%and 70%~75%of the emissions during the relatively clean days and polluted days,respectively.In addition,it is more efficient to take emission reduction measures when the concentration of PM2.5 is high.The analysis of PM2.5 pollution processes indicates that pollutants at perimeter zones is transported to Longhua District because of the wind and temperature.Therefore,the support of other zones will contribute to improving the air quality of Longhua District.