镉污染土壤淋洗剂研究进展

随着工农业的发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益突出,土壤污染治理已成为农业和环境等相关领域的研究热点。以土壤重金属污染中最严重的镉污染治理为研究目标,以化学淋洗剂为研究对象,综合评述了不同类型淋洗剂的洗脱机理、淋洗效果和影响因素,推荐了适用于不同镉污染土壤的淋洗剂,并对现阶段国内外镉污染土壤淋洗剂研究中存在的问题和研究方向进行了总结和展望。研究认为土壤镉污染复合淋洗技术的机理研究,淋洗技术的示范和推广,适用低渗透土壤的淋洗剂研发,淋洗下土壤及环境的变化研究,淋洗剂投放后土壤修复的数值模拟研究,低成本、高效率生物表面活性剂、螯合剂、土壤缓冲剂的开发,以及开展多学科的交叉融合研究等是未来镉污染土壤淋洗技术研究的主要方向。

Advances in Eluents of Soil Cadmium Pollution

With the development of industry and agriculture,heavy metal pollution in soil has evolved as an increasingly serious problem,and soil pollution control has become a research hotspot in agriculture,environment and other related fields.This paper focuses on cadmium pollution treatment,the most serious heavy metal pollution in soil,with the leaching method as a research object.Moreover,the paper gives a general review of leaching efficiency,elution mechanism and influencing factors of different eluents,and proposes suitable leaching agents for different soil.At last,the paper summarizes the existing problems,the research directions of cadmium contaminated eluents from domestic and foreign scholars and the prospects.The main directions of soil cadmium pollution leaching technology in future are as follows:the mechanism of complex leaching technology for cadmium pollution in soil,the demonstration and promotion of leaching technology,the research and development of leaching agent for low-permeability soil,the study of soil and environmental changes under leaching,further research upon numerical simulation of soil remediation after the release of leaching agent,the development of biosurfactant,chelating agent and soil buffer with low-cost and high-efficiency,as well as the interdisciplinary interaction cross fusion.