船舶在航更换压载水及其有效性的确认

船舶“在航更换压载水”是目前唯一可行、且有效的用于减少由压载水作为媒介传播外来有害生物和病原体的方法。ＩＭＯ的Ａ．８６８（２０）“指南”推荐使用该方法，一些国家的国内立法也明确要求使用这一方法。但由于没有标准的操作程序，也没有科学和适用的取样和分析方法，影响了该方法的有效性，也给港口国管理带来了困难。文中就此展开论述并提出相应的建议。

Ballast Water Exchange at Sea and Compliance Monitoring

Ballast water exchange at sea is the only feasible method that has been used to minimize the transfer of harmful organisms and pathogens through ships' ballast water.Because there are no approval methods for sampling and analyzing and the standard procedures of exchange operation,it will bring lots of problems to port State Authority.The above problems are discussed and corresponding solutions are proposed in the paper.