城市环境空气中颗粒物源解析研究

颗粒物是我国大多数城市环境空气中的首要污染物.由于缺乏对颗粒物成分及来源的研究,导致目前的控制措施常常缺乏针对性.为全面弄清城市环境空气中颗粒物的来源,分采暖期和非采暖期对城市的主要大气污染源进行识别和采样,包括煤烟尘、建筑水泥尘、扬尘、土壤风沙尘、海盐粒子和二次粒子,并利用原子发射光谱、离子色谱等仪器对其成分进行定性定量分析,建立可吸入颗粒物的源成分谱.从而得出颗粒物元素成分谱,通过化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型进行解析,得出各污染源对受体的贡献值和分担率.确定主要污染源,为采取针对性的措施治理污染提供依据.

Source Apportionment Reserch on Particulate Material of Urban Environmental Air

Particulate material is the primary air pollutant in most cities of China. The lack of research on components and sources of particulate materials leads to absent pertinence of current control measures in air pollution treatment. To make clear components of particulate materials in urban atmosphere, collections of urban air were carried on separately in heating seasons and non-heating seasons, during which different methods such as atom spectrum and ionic spectrum were utilized to make qualitative and quantitative analysis to get element components spectrum of particulate materials including soot, cement dust in constructing, floating dust, sand blown by wind, sea salt particle and quadric particle. Spectrum of source components of particulate materials was then implemented so as to get the components spectrum of particulate materials and get the contribution value and share rate of pollutant through analysis on chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. So major pollutant was confirmed and technical measures were provided pertinently for different pollutants.