我国大气污染治理历程回顾与展望

大气污染防治工作是我国生态环境保护的重要组成部分,并随社会经济发展过程中出现的主要大气环境问题的演变而不断深化。几十年来,我国在大气污染控制和空气质量管理方面做了大量的工作并取得了显著成效。本文在系统回顾我国大气污染治理历程基础上,展望提出新时期推进我国大气污染治理创新思路。自20世纪70年代以来,我国大气污染治理随着社会经济发展和生态环境保护事业发展主要经历了消烟除尘构建大气环境容量理论(1972-1990年)、分区管控防治酸雨和二氧化硫污染(1991-2000年)、总量控制二氧化硫排放量见顶下降(2001-2010年)、攻坚克难打赢蓝天保卫战(2011-2020年)四个阶段。当前,在习近平生态文明思想指导下,在绿色发展、低碳发展、高质量发展推动下,在新旧动能转换带来产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构进一步调整和优化的情况下,更先进的大气污染控制技术为大气污染减排提供了更强大的动力,生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化建设为空气质量的持续改善提供了坚实保障。本文提出未来我国大气污染治理创新思路:生态优先、绿色发展,进一步调整产业结构,实现高质量发展;清洁高效,低碳少污,进一步调整能源结构,提升清洁能源、新能源和可再生能源供给能力;问题导向、目标引领,弄清大气污染来源成因,为科学治污提供坚实基础;清洁生产,全程控制,显著减少污染物的产生量和排放量;属地责任,联防联控,改善局地质量,降低区域间相互影响;智慧监控,数据归真,强化污染源监管。

Review and prospect on the atmospheric pollution control in China

The atmospheric pollution control is an important part of China’s ecological and environmental protection, and has been generally deepening with the evolution of the main atmospheric environmental problems in the process of social and economic development.China has done a lot of work in atmospheric pollution control and atmospheric quality management for decades and achieved remarkable achievements.Based on a systematic review of China’s atmospheric pollution control progress, this paper puts forward new ideas for promoting China’s air pollution control innovative ideals in the new era.Since the 1970s, with social and economic development and ecological and environmental protection progress, China’ s atmospheric pollution control has experienced mainly the following four stages: the smoke prevention and dust control with building the theory of atmospheric environmental capacity(1972-1990), regional control focusing on prevention and control of acid rain and SO2 pollution(1991-2000), the total amount control with decreased sulfur dioxide emissions(2001-2010), overcome difficulty to win the blue sky battle(2011-2020).In particular, the more advanced atmospheric pollution control technology provides a more powerful incentive for atmospheric pollution reduction.Modernization construction on ecological and environmental governance system and governance ability provides a solid guarantee for the continuous improvement of atmospheric quality.Directed by Xi Jinping’s Ecological Civilization Thought, in order to promote the green, low carbon and high quality development, and the old-new energy transform with regards to the adjustment and optimization of industry structure, energy structure, transportation structure, the innovative ideas of future atmospheric pollution governance are as follows: enhanced adjustment of industrial structure under ecological priority and green development principle;being clean and efficient, low in carbon and low in pollution by adjusting the energy structure with improved supply of clean energy, new energy and renewable energy;keeping problem-oriented and goal-oriented to understand the causes of air pollution and provide a solid foundation for scientific pollution control;persist in clean production and control to significantly reduce the amount of pollutants and emissions;insist on local responsibility, joint prevention and control to improve local quality and reduce the mutual influence within regions;intelligent monitoring and precise data to strengthen the supervision of pollution sources.