北京市城乡供热取暖清洁化历程及启示

本文介绍了北京市供热采暖清洁化改造的背景、发展阶段和大气环境质量改善情况。1998年,北京市以实施控制大气污染紧急措施为契机启动供热清洁化工作。1998-2019年历经20多年,持续推进市区热电厂、燃煤锅炉和远郊新城燃煤锅炉供热、市区4个区平房和农村地区散煤采暖清洁化改造,全市完成总容量63370MW(90528t/h)燃煤锅炉清洁能源改造、城乡散煤清洁能源替代124万户,全市城乡清洁供热采暖比例从零起步达到99%。2019年与相应年份污染物浓度比较,SO2比1998年下降了96.7%,NO2比1998年下降了50%,PM10比2000年下降了58%,PM2.5比2013年下降了51.3%。基于北京市供热清洁化历程特点分析,提出了持续推进北方大气污染治理重点地区城乡供热清洁化对策建议。

Processes and enlightenment of urban-rural clean heating in Beijing

This paper focuses on the background and development of urban-rural clean heating-supply and the air quality improvement in Beijing.In 1998, clean heating-supply transformation was launched by carrying out the air pollution emergency control measures in Beijing.During the period of 1998-2019, the range of clean heat-sources transformation has been expanding from the coal-fired boilers and the city coal-fired thermal power plants in urban areas to the ones in new town in the outer suburbs, and from the bungalow coal heating in 4 urban districts to the disaggregated coal combustion in rural areas.The amount of the total capacity of coal-fired boilers clean transformation is up to 63370 MW(90528 t/h), and there are 1.24 million households with disaggregated coal heating are replaced by clean heating.These transformation projects helped the urban-rural clean heating proportion grew from zero to 99%.In the meantime, the ambient air quality in Beijing has been well improved.In 2019, the concentration of SO2 was 96.7% lower than that in 1998, NO2 was 50% lower than that in 1998,PM10 was 58% lower than that in 2000, and PM2.5 was 51.3% lower than that in 2013.On the basis of the analysis of development characteristics of Beijing urban-rural clean heating transformation, recommendations on urban-rural clean heating for key areas of air pollution control in northern China are put forward.