北方农村煤改清洁能源不同技术的经济性和排放性能对比

近几年北方农村煤改清洁能源工作取得了显著进展,但不同地区所采用的技术种类繁多,效果也有很大不同。及时总结并合理评估不同技术方案的实施效果对各地区科学合理地选择后续清洁取暖技术路径,确保清洁取暖工作的顺利开展并取得长期实效都至关重要。本文采用调研、实测和模拟相结合的方式,深入分析了燃气热水锅炉、生物质颗粒取暖炉、蓄热式电暖气、低温空气源热泵热水机、低温空气源热泵热风机、太阳能集热器+低温空气源热泵热水机耦合系统共计6种典型方案的经济性和排放性能,同时结合当地资源禀赋和用户使用特性等总结出不同技术方案的适用性。综合来看,生物质颗粒取暖炉及低温空气源热泵热风机在经济性上具有显著优势,且更加适用于农村的生活方式。农村清洁取暖技术路径的制定、节能技术的开发及室内热环境的改善还需要在充分考虑地区发展水平、空气质量要求、群众取暖需求、能源供应条件和潜力等基础上走出一条符合我国农村实际的可持续发展之路。

Comparison of economic and emission performances of different technologies from coal to clean energy in northern rural China

In recent years, the work of coal to clean energy in northern rural China has made significant progress, but there are many different kinds of technology adopted by different regions, and the effects also differ largely.It is significant to summary and to evaluate different technical solutions timely for choosing the scientific and reasonable clean heating path and ensuring the coal to clean energy work smoothly in different regions.This paper combined the ways of field survey,measurement and simulation to deeply analyze the economy efficiency and emission performance of six typical rural heating systems, including the wall-mounted gas furnace, biomass pellet heating stove, low temperature air-to-water heat pump, low temperature air-to-air heat pump, and the coupled system of solar collector + low temperature air-to-water heat pump.In general, biomass pellet heating stove and low temperature air-to-air heat pump have obvious advantages in economy and are more suitable for rural living mode.The development of energy-saving technology and the improvement of indoor thermal environment in rural areas also need to comprehensively consider the basis of region’ s development level, the air quality requirements, the residents’ demands for heating, and the energy supply conditions and potential towards a sustainable roadmap in line with China’s rural reality.