长江经济带涉矿生态环境协同治理对策

矿产资源开发生态环境保护与恢复治理是山水林田湖草生态保护修复的重要组成部分,也是区域/流域生态安全屏障建设的重要内容。本文面向长江保护修复的环境管理需求,梳理了第一批中央生态环境保护督察的长江经济带涉矿问题,探讨了矿产资源开发生态环境问题,提出了协同治理对策。结果表明:(1)长江经济带有8个省份发现涉矿生态环境问题,涉及石英砂矿、稀土矿、磷矿、锡矿、石灰石矿和石煤矿;有3个省份出现保护地采矿生态破坏严重问题,涉及自然保护区内违规设置的采矿权、探矿权和违法生产,以及国家级风景名胜区内以治理地质灾害之名开采磷矿。(2)11个省市中均发现了涉保护地违规管理问题,包括饮用水水源保护区、湖滨湿地、长江岸线和重要湿地、海洋保护区、风景名胜区。矿山生态环境协同治理对策包括:(1)科学制定矿山生态修复目标;(2)定期开展矿山生态保护修复成效评估;(3)提高矿山生态环境监管执行力。

Coordinated management countermeasures of mine-related ecology and environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Ecological protection and restoration of mineral resources development is one of the important parts of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grass(MRFFLG)Ecological Protection and Restoration,and it is also a key content in the construction of regional/watershed ecological security barriers.Facing the environmental management needs of Yangtze River protection and restoration,we sorted out the mine-related problems reported by the First Round Central Supervision of Ecological and Environmental Protection(CSEEP),analyzed the mine-related ecological and environmental problems,and put forward the cooperative management countermeasures.The results showed that:(1)Mining-related ecological and environmental problems were found in eight provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,involving quartz sand mine,rare earth mine,phosphate mine,tin mine,limestone mine,and stone coal mine;three provinces has suffered serious ecological damages in protected areas,and the problems involve illegally set mining rights,prospecting rights,and illegal production in nature reserves,and the mining of phosphate rock in the name of geological disasters governance in national scenic spots.(2)Illegal management issues related to protected areas were found in 11 provinces(cities),including drinking water source protection areas,lakeside wetlands,the Yangtze River shoreline and important wetlands,marine protected areas,and scenic spots.Finally,we proposed some countermeasures for mine ecological and environmental supervision,which include:(1)Setting up a scientific target of mine ecological restoration.(2)Conducting regular evaluations of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration of mines.(3)Improving the execution of the mine ecological and environmental supervision.