中国碳排放权交易市场发展历程 ——从试点到全国

碳排放权交易作为控制温室气体排放的一种市场化手段,相对于行政手段具有全社会减排成本较低、能够为企业减排提供灵活选择等优势。2011年以来,我国在北京、天津、上海、重庆、湖北、广东、深圳7个地方开展了碳排放权交易试点工作,为全国碳市场建设积累了宝贵经验。2017年年底,以发电行业为突破口的全国碳市场启动。2018年4月,国务院碳交易主管部门由国家发展和改革委转隶至生态环境部,生态环境部从推动碳交易立法、建立健全制度体系、加快基础设施建设、强化基础能力建设等方面稳步推进全国碳市场建设。本文梳理了我国碳市场的发展历程,并对全国碳市场的进一步完善提出建议。

Development history of carbon emission rights trading market in China:from pilots to national

As a market-oriented means to control greenhouse gas emissions,carbon trading system has the advantages of lower emission reduction cost for the whole society and flexible choice for enterprises compared with administrative means.Since 2011,China has carried out carbon emission trading pilot projects in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Hubei,Guangdong and Shenzhen,which has accumulated valuable experience for the construction of the national carbon market.At the end of 2017,a national carbon market was launched with the power generation sector as a breakthrough.In April 2018,the competent department of carbon trading under the State Council was transferred from the National Development and Reform Commission to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.The Ministry of Ecology and Environment steadily promoted the construction of the national carbon market by promoting carbon trading legislation,establishing and improving the institutional system,accelerating the construction of infrastructure and strengthening the building of basic capacity.This paper reviews the development process of China's carbon market,and puts forward some suggestions for further improvement of the national carbon market.