环境污染责任保险地方试点政策创新与实践研究

本文在环境污染责任保险试点调研和数据分析的基础上,总结了近年来环境污染责任保险政策的实践发展趋势,发现环境污染责任保险政策具有趋于强制、投保范围明确且趋同、产品性价比提升、保险市场受政策影响波动大的显著特点,地方试点实践中面临缺少环境风险定价方案、事故预防难开展、政府部门权责不清及数据信息共享缺乏的现实困境;同时在分析环境污染责任保险贵州新一轮试点对环境污染责任保险试点困境的实践突破基础上,总结统一条款、统一风险定价、统一投承保平台的"贵州模式"。基于以上分析本文提出如下建议:进一步明确环境污染责任保险强制的上位法依据,建立全国统一的环境污染强制责任保险管理制度;根据环境风险形成全过程理论,采用"两步走"方式,平衡科学性与成本关系,建立保前风险评估—保后隐患排查标准体系;建立国家—省级—地市多层级多主体环境污染责任保险治理信息化平台。

Study on policy innovation and practice of local pilot about environmental pollution liability insurance

Based on the investigation and data analysis of the local pilot on environmental pollution liability insurance,this paper summarizes the development trends of the environmental pollution liability insurance policy in recent years,and finds that the environmental liability insurance policies tend to be compulsory,the scopes of insurance are clear and identical,the cost performance of products is improved,and the insurance market is greatly affected by the policies.It is found that there are many difficulties on implementing this policy,including lack of environmental risk pricing scheme,difficult to prevent accidents,unclear rights and responsibilities of government departments and lack of data and information sharing platform.Through the analysis of the practical breakthrough of Guizhou’s new round of pilot projects on environmental liability insurance,this paper puts forward the "Guizhou model",including unified insurance clause,risk pricing scheme and platform.The main suggestions are as follows:to further clarify the upper legal basis for the enforcement of environmental pollution liability insurance,to establish a unified national environmental pollution liability insurance policy;to establish pre risk assessment-post hidden danger investigation standard system based on the theory of the whole process of environmental risk formation;to establish a national multi-level and multi-body information governace platform for environmental pollution liability insurance.