发达国家和地区污染场地法律制度体系及启示

我国正在起草《土壤污染防治法》,这将为我国土壤、场地污染防治管理提供基本法律依据,并逐步建成完善的污染场地管理的法律制度体系。其中,监管体系、资金体系和责任体系是污染场地管理体系中的3大重要方面。美国、日本等发达国家和我国台湾地区在各自污染场地管理法律制度体系中,均规定了明确的监管主体,采用了多样化的监管手段,建立了可持续的污染场地专项基金,确定了明晰的责任判定和追究原则,为我国场地污染防治立法和制度设计中监管体系、资金体系和责任体系的建设提供了宝贵的借鉴。

Introduction and Inspiration of Legal Systems for Contaminated Sites in the Developed Countries and Regions

In China, the law for soil pollution prevention and control is on the process of elaboration. This law will provide a legal basis of the management of soil/site pollution prevention and control in China, and gradually a complete legal system for contaminated site management will be established, with supervision system, financing system and responsibility system as three important parts. The developed countries and regions (e.g. United States, Japan and Taiwan) have constructed thorough legal systems for contaminated site management. They all have conducted a variety of regulatory approaches and sustainable special funds, defined the liability judgment and responsibility-ascertaining rules, providing a valuable reference for establishment of supervision system, funding system and responsibility system in design of the legislation and regulatory systems for site pollution prevention and control.