“水污染防治行动计划”实施背景下我国水环境管理优化对策研究

针对我国日益凸显的水资源过度开发、水环境污染、水资源短缺、用水效率与效益低下等水危机,对我国近年来出台最严格水资源管理制度、"水污染防治行动计划"(称"水十条")等水资源管理、水环境保护相关政策与研究进展及国外在水环境管理方面经验进行了探讨。分析了"水十条"实施后在水资源管理、水生态安全、法律法规与执法监管、资金投入与激励机制、技术推进与公众参与等需解决的关键问题与推进重点工作,提出具体措施包括以协作机制优化区域流域水环境管理,完善水权交易并规范绿色投融资体系,创新水文化建设与公众参与模式,优化分区、分级、共治的水环境管理法规与执法支撑体系,强化信息化、集成化的水环境管理与应用等。

Study of the Optimization of Water Environment Management in China under the Background of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan

In view of the increasingly prominent water crises such as water resource over-exploitation, water pollution, water shortage, low water utilization efficiency in China, policies and research progress of water resource management and water environment protection, especially the most stringent water resource management system, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, which introduced in recent years, and the foreign experiences in water environment management were discussed in the paper. Then, the key issues to be solved and the important work tasks to be promoted in water resource management, water ecological security, law and regulation, enforcement and supervision, capital investment and incentive mechanism, technology promotion and public participation after implementation of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Planwere analyzed. Finally, some concrete measures were put forward, including optimizing regional and river basin water environment management by collaboration mechanism, perfecting the water right trade and regulating the green investment and financing system, innovating the water culture construction and public participation mode, optimizing the water environment management law and enforcement support system which was zoning, grading and co-governance, and strengthening the water environment management and application based on informationization and integration.