关于跨省断面水质生态补偿与财政激励机制的思考

改善环境质量是环境保护的核心。当前,我国跨省界流域上下游治污协作机制尚未完全建立,权责落实与激励政策尚不完善,流域跨省界断面水质短期内难以得到根本改善。文章提出建立以水环境质量改善为导向的跨省财政激励机制,根据上下游出境断面水污染治理成本、水生态价值和发展机会成本以及延伸投入等,强化流域水质目标考核行政和经济"双重"约束机制,建立水质超标"罚款赔偿"和水质达标"奖励补偿"机制,是解决流域跨界污染问题的重要突破口,并建议"十三五"全面推动建立跨省断面水质财政激励机制,实现流域治理的成本共担、合作共治。

Study of Eco-compensation and Fiscal Incentive Mechanism for Trans-provincial Water Quality

Environmental quality improvement is the core of environmental protection.Currently,the collaboration mechanism for pollution control between upstream and downstream of trans-provincial rivers is not completely established.Right and responsibility implementation and stimulation policies are not perfected.Water quality of trans-provincial rivers can't be fundamentally improved in a short time.In this paper,construction of an environmental quality improvement oriented transprovincial fiscal incentive mechanism is proposed.According to the pollution control cost of the upstream and downstream exit sections,aquatic ecological value,development opportunity cost and extended investment,strengthening of the administrative and economic constrained mechanisms for target assessment of river water quality and establishment of a fine or reward compensation mechanism based on whether the water quality exceeds the limits or not are important breakthroughs for solution of the river transboundary pollution.Then,overall promotion of establishing the fiscal incentive mechanism for trans-provincial water quality during the 13th Five-year period is put forwards,aiming at achievement of cost share and co-governance on river pollution control.