等价分析法在环境污染损害评估中的应用与分析

等价分析法是国际上正发展并日益得到关注的环境污染损害评估方法。在对等价分析法的基本原理和方法总结概述基础上,应用该方法对某河流突发性水污染的生境损害进行了案例分析,计算污染造成生境损害,并进行了参数灵敏度分析和贴现影响的分析。研究表明应用等价分析法评估生境污染损害时,受损生境的恢复时长、恢复后能够达到的最大生态服务水平和贴现率三个参数的选择对损害结果影响显著。所以在污染发生后应尽快恢复受损环境至正常状态,以避免进一步的实际损害;对于少于50年的生态补偿活动,一般采用3%贴现率即可,而大于50年时,建议贴现率采用修正后的W e itzm an伽马分布。

Application of Equivalency Analysis Method in Economic Assessment of Environmental Pollution Damage

Equivalency analysis method（EAM） is one economic assessment method of environmental pollution damage.It is under international development,and increasingly focused.Based on introduction of basic principals and calculation steps,the paper applies EAM in the case study of paroxysmal pollution event of a river.The ecological damage caused by the pollution is calculated to be 700 thousand RMB.The result shows that actual damage can be compensated by long-term restoration of small area habitat.Parameter sensitivity and discounting rate are analyzed,showing that three parameters-restoration time of damaged habitat,max service level after restoration of damaged habitat,discounting rate-affect significantly the result.So that damaged environment should be restored as soon as possible to the baseline level,in order to avoid further actual damage;adjusted Gamma distribution of Weitzman discounting rate is recommended for ecological compensation plan longer than 50 years.On the contrary,discounting rate of 3% is normally adopted for ecological compensation plan less than 50 years.