溢油事故环境损害评估研究进展

海上溢油污染规模不断扩大，造成了严重的生态破坏和巨大的经济损失，国际海事组织通过了一系列公约，将环境损害赔偿提到议事日程。近年来，许多国家研究者精心设计了评估海洋环境损害的评估模型。本文对这些评估方法进行了梳理，得出溢油对海洋生态的损害评估研究主要集中于两个方面，一个是溢油事故发生后研究者利用实验研究溢油对各种海洋生物的影响，在此基础上，建立评估模型，事故发生后根据溢油的类型、数量及事故海域特征对环境的损害利用模型进行评估。另一个是利用指标生物或计算海洋的生态服务功能损失来评估溢油的环境损害程度。介绍了国内外实际应用的一些溢油评估模型和方法，最后对未来的环境损害评估研究和应用前景进行了展望。

Study on the Oil Spill Environmental Damage Assessment

The number of small and large scale accidental oil releases into the marine environment over the past two decades has greatly increased, which bring serious ecological damage. Stricter environmental laws and enforcement has been issued by IMO, which reflect greater public demand for environmental responsibility. In recent years, many researchers have designed the assessment model for evaluation of oil spill marine environment damage. This paper analysis these assessment method, and con- eluded that the research on oil spill marine environmental damage is focus on two points. One is after oil spill one or two years re- searcher analysis the oil spill residual in the marine creature, based on the experiment and theory, the researcher simulate the eco- logical damage after oil spill according to the oil type, amount and background. The other is assessing the environmental damage by the eco - system service. Introduce the oil spill assessment model in use in the world. Finally, puts forwards some idea on the research on the environmental damage assessment and application in China.