河流健康评估的研究与应用进展研究

自20世纪50年代以来，河流健康越来越受到社会的广泛关注。河流健康的概念、评估方法、范围、内容和指标体系得到不断拓展和完善。目前常用的两类河流健康评估方法是综合指标评估法和指示生物评估法。综合指标评估法采用河流水文、水质、生态系统等多个指标，能较全面地反映河流生态系统的健康状况，但是存在指标数量不易精简、部分指标难以量化等不足支出。在实际应用中更为常用的是指示生物评估法，采用鱼类、大型无脊椎动物、浮游藻类等指示生物的动态变化反映河流健康状况，方法更为简单直观。

Study and Application Progress of River Health Assessment

River health received more attentions from the society since 1950s. The concept, assessment methods, scope, content and index system of river health have been expanded and improved. There are two assessment methods：integrated index assessment method and indicator species assessment method. Integrated index assessment method uses fiver hydrology, water quality, ecosystem and others indicators to reflect fiver health in a comprehensive way but has some shortcomings such as the num- ber of indicators is hard to reduced and some indicators are not easy to be qualified. Indicator species assessment method uses fish, macroinvertebrates, planktonic algae and other indicator species to reflect fiver health in an intuitive way and is more com- monly used in practical application.