中国大气中重金属钒的排放特征

化石燃料原油和原煤的燃烧、含钒矿石的开采和冶炼是大气中重金属钒的主要来源。文章利用重金属钒的排放系数分析了中国1978-2010年人为过程释放到大气中重金属钒的总量和行业重金属钒的排放,预测了2020年和2030年中国大气中重金属钒的排放量。结果表明,自1978年以来,中国钒的排放量增加了4倍,中国2010年人类活动向大气排放的重金属钒总量达3.18万吨,约占世界总量的12%。原油燃烧释放到大气中的钒约占总量的85%,煤炭燃烧的排放量占10.5%,其中工业耗油向大气中释放重金属钒的比例从1980的71%下降到2008年的42%,总量从3 721 t增加至9 361 t;交通运输行业从10%上升到36%,总量从547 t增加至7 967 t;其它行业(农林牧渔水利业、批发零售业和住宿餐饮业、生活消费)基本维持在20%左右,总量从986 t增加至5 052 t。因此,应加强大气中钒的监测和管理,预防大气钒污染事件的发生。

Emission Characteristics of Vanadium in Air

An accurate and complete emission inventory and characteristics for atmospheric trace metal vanadium in China is needed for both modeler community and policy makers to assess the current level of environmental contamination, major emission sources and source regions, and the contribution of the atmospheric pathway to the contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environ- ments. This paper analyses the emission of vanadium from human activities from 1972 to 2030s. The results concluded that sta- tionary fossil fuel combustion, especially oil combustion is the major source of vanadium and second major source is ferrous metal production. The emission of vanadium increased over the last four decades from 1970 - 2010. The year of 2030 is expected to witness the largest vanadium emission from human activity. This can be explained by growing demands for energy and increasing industrial production in China.