Essential host plant cues in the grapevine moth |
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Authors: | Marco Tasin Anna-Carin Bäckman Marie Bengtsson Claudio Ioriatti Peter Witzgall |
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Institution: | (1) Chemical Ecology Group, SLU, Box 44, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;(2) IASMA, 38010 San Michele, Italy |
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Abstract: | Host plant odours attract gravid insect females for oviposition. The identification of these plant volatile compounds is essential
for our understanding of plant–insect relationships and contributes to plant breeding for improved resistance against insects.
Chemical analysis of grape headspace and subsequent behavioural studies in the wind tunnel show that host finding in grapevine
moth Lobesia botrana is encoded by a ratio-specific blend of three ubiquitous plant volatiles. The odour signal that attracts mated females to
grape consists of the terpenoids (E)-β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. These compounds represent only a fraction of the volatiles released by grapes, and they are
widespread compounds known throughout the plant kingdom. Specificity may be achieved by the blend ratio, which was 100:78:9
in grape headspace. This blend elicited anemotactic behaviour in moths at remarkably small amounts. Females were attracted
at release rates of only a few nanograms per minute, at levels nearly as low as those known for the attraction of male moths
to the female sex pheromones. |
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