The role of perennial habitats for Central European farmland spiders |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany;2. Department of Biology, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden;3. Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN) at Department of Biology Education, Kiel University, Olshausenstraße 62, 24098 Kiel, Germany;4. Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany;1. Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;2. Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Olshausenstraße 75, 24098 Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotla?ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, PO Box 71, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary;2. Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, PO Box 170, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary;3. Kiskunság National Park Directorate, PO Box 186, H-6001 Kecskemét, Hungary;4. MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;1. Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, D 12165 Berlin, Germany;2. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany;1. iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany;2. Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, D-65366, Geisenheim, Germany;3. Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, D-65366, Geisenheim, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Spiders are important predators of insect pests. Some species invariably dominate spider communities in crop fields over large parts of Europe, and are therefore considered as “agrobionts”. It is however not clear if these species generally prefer arable habitats, or to what degree they utilize other habitats during times when crops are inhospitable. Here, spider abundances in 26 crop fields and 16 perennial habitats in Germany were compared during spring. Overall spider abundance in winter wheat was 75% lower than in perennial habitats, and species richness was reduced by 46%. Out of a total of 91 species, 73 had higher densities in perennial habitats, including the most dominant crop spiders Erigone atra and Tenuiphantes tenuis. Only one species (Oedothorax apicatus) was significantly more abundant in crops than in perennial habitats. Hence, the high dominance of most “agrobiont” species in crops was due to low densities of other species, and not to their own higher abundances. Therefore, perennial habitats adjacent to crop-fields could enhance spider populations and their potential for biological control in arable fields on a landscape level. |
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