大型水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展

重金属污染水体的修复是一项艰巨的工程,以往的物理及化学修复不仅投资巨大而且效果不甚理想,而利用水生植物修复重金属污染水体是一种低廉有效的处理方法。文章综述了利用大型水生植物植物修复重金属水体的研究进展,重点阐述了4种生活型水生植物(挺水、漂浮、浮叶和沉水)对重金属的蓄积效果;并对植物修复重金属污染水体的影响因素如植物生活型、生物量、株龄以及重金属的类型、初始浓度和水体的理化性质等进行了讨论。最后,对利用组织培养技术进行植物筛选、利用基因工程技术使水生植物对重金属具有超蓄积能力、水生植物修复重金属污染水体机理机制研究以及应用多种类型植物的组合研究等方面进行了展望,并且提出了水生植物修复重金属污染水体的实际工程应用中需要注意的问题。

Review on Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Water by Macrophytes

Phytoremediation has shown great potential as an alternative treatment of heavy metal contamination since macrophytes have great potential to accumulate heavy metals. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted water by macrophytes was reviewed, with focus on the effects of remediation by 4 kinds of life form macrophytes including emergent, free-drifting,floating-leaved and submergent which have strong accumulation abilities. The internal and external factors on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted water including plant life form, biomass, age as well as type of heavy metal, initial concentration and physical and chemical properties of water bodies were also discussed. Prospect on plant selection, mechanism of phytoremediation, plant combination as well as engineering application were outlined as well.