砷的发生、形态、污染源及地球化学循环

文章首先总结了砷在地表水、地下水、土壤、沉积物、岩石、大气中的含量和分布;归纳了砷的地球化学循环过程;分析了砷在水和土壤/沉积物固相中的形态;并重点阐述了砷在土壤和沉积物中的迁移转化机理。砷通常与Fe、Al、Mn的氧化物和氢氧化物、粘土矿物、硫化物、磷酸盐和碳酸盐矿物结合,砷的生物可用性和迁移性与其在土壤和沉积物中的形态有密切关系。文章最后定量阐述了砷的污染源,包括金属开采与冶炼,化学燃料的燃烧和含砷化学品使用。

Occurrence,Speciation,Source and Genochemical Cycle of Arsenic

Based on comprehensive review of related literature,content and distribution of As in the surface water,groundwater,soil,sediments,lithosphere and atmosphere were summarized,geochemical cycle of As in the earth surface layer was reviewed,species and transform of As in water and soil/sediment solid phases were discussed.As in soil and sediments usually associates with iron,aluminum and manganese(hydro) oxides,clays and mineral oxyanions such as sulfates,phosphates and carbonates,which play an important role in controlling the distribution and mobility of arsenic.Quantitative evaluation of As sources including metal smelting,fossil-fuel combustion and arsenic chemicals were conducted as well.