流域空间统计模型SPARROW及其研究进展

SPARROW(SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes流域属性基于空间的回归模型)是美国地质调查局(USGS)开发的经验统计和地表过程相结合的流域空间统计模型。模型通过对河流水质数据和流域属性建立空间回归实现污染负荷产生和迁移的定量化。模型的最大特色是其空间特性非常显著,可以将上游的营养盐污染源数据和下游的营养盐负荷数据联系起来,同时可以将河流中的水质监测数据或污染物通量数据和流域的空间属性特征(比如土地利用类型、河网、大气沉降等)联系起来。模型除了一般水质模型所具有的水质模拟和流域污染源的分析功能外,还可在模拟过程中对流域中每个污染源、流域属性和污染物迁移过程对水质监测结果的影响进行显著性检验。文章简要介绍了SPARROW模型的结构和原理、功能和应用发展前景。

SPARROW- Watershed Model and Research Progress

SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes) is a hybrid process -based and statistical modeling approach for watershed which is developed by USGS. The model quantifies pollutant source and contaminant transport by relating in-stream water quality measurements to characteristics of watersheds. The spatial function and spatial characteristics of the model are very significant. Nutrients pollution source data of upstream and nutrients load data of downstream as well as river water quality monitoring data or pollutant flux data and watershed spatial attribute characteristics such as land use types,river network,atmospheric deposition were correlated by the model. A significant test was incorporated in the model as a function in addition to some general functions such as water quality simulation. The structure,principle,functions,applications and application prospects of the model are introduced as well.