野生食用牛肝菌的重金属富集研究

研究探讨了5种野生牛肝菌(灰褐牛肝菌,双色牛肝菌,全褐牛肝菌,美味牛肝菌,皱盖疣柄牛肝菌)对重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和Hg的富集特征。结果表明:5种牛肝菌子实体Cd含量为<0.10～19.00 mg/kg,Pb的含量为<0.10～9.34 mg/kg,Zn、Cu和Hg含量为0.000 09～0.1mg/kg。5种牛肝菌子实体中Cd、Pb和Hg含量均超标。与牛肝菌子实体相比,Cd和Pb在牛肝菌非菌根根和菌根根中含量处于中等偏高水平。在牛肝菌子实体中,除Pb外,Cd、Zn、Cu和Hg更易向灰褐牛肝菌子实体的菌盖中迁移。Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和Hg更易于富集在全褐牛肝菌、美味牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌子实体的菌盖中;Zn和Cu容易富集于双色牛肝菌菌盖,Cd、Pb和Hg更容易富集于双色牛肝菌柄。5种牛肝菌对Cd的富集能力最强,生物富集系数(Bioaccumulation factor,BCF)范围为1.00～79.17。对Pb和Hg的BCF分别在0.010～0.18和0.10～0.38;对Zn和Cu的BCF不足0.001。生长牛肝菌的土壤Cd含量提高,从不足0.1 mg/kg提高到(0.24±0.04)mg/kg,Pb含量从(52±3)mg/kg提高到(53±3)mg/kg,而Zn含量从(94±6)mg/kg降低到(61±5)mg/kg,Cu含量从(26±5.6)mg/kg升高至(40±5.57)mg/kg,对Hg含量影响不大。

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metal in Wild Edible Boletus Fruiting Body

Five kinds of Boletus including Boletus griseus forst,B.bicolor Peck,B.umbrinus Pers.,B.edulis Bull.,Leccinum rugosiceps(Peck) Singer were studied,and characteristics of metals such as Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu and Hg bioaccumulation by these Boletus were discussed.Results showed that the content of Cd in Boletus varies within the range of <0.10~19.00 mg/kg,Pb<0.10~9.34 mg/kg,Zn,Cu and Hg 0.000 09~0.1 mg/kg,whose contents are over national standard.Heavy metals content in the root of Mycorrhiza and non-Mycorrhiza are higher than those in the Boletus fruit body.Heavy metals such as Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu and Hg prefer to accumulate in the cap of B.umbrinus Pers.,B.edulis Bull.and Leccinum rugosiceps(Peck) Singer.Zn and Cu prefer to accumulate in B.bicolor Peck cap,while Cd,Pb and Hg prefer to the stalk.5 Boletus have high ability to accumulate Cd,with the bioaccumulation factor(BCF) for Cd of 1.00~79.17,BCF for Pb and Hg of 0.010~0.18 and 0.10~0.38 separately,while the BCF for Zn and Cu less than 0.001.Contents of Cd in soil increase from 0.1mg/kg to(0.24±0.04) mg/kg after the growth of Boletus,and that for Pb from(52±3) mg/kg to(53±3) mg/kg,and that for Cu from(26±5.6) mg/kg to(40±5.57) mg/kg,while content of Zn in soil decreased from(94±6) mg/kg to 61±5 mg/kg and content of Hg maintains stable after the growth of Boletus.