锑矿采选固废与冶炼废渣的化学特性及重金属溶出特性

对锑矿区采选固废和冶炼废渣的化学成分及在模拟酸雨不同pH值下的溶出特性进行研究。结果表明,采矿废石、浮选尾矿渣、鼓风炉炉渣及鼓风炉燃烧残渣都含有Sb、V等重金属污染物,其中鼓风炉炉渣Sb含量最高,达1.22 g/kg,溶出率为0.355%;采矿废石中Sb的含量最低,为0.34 g/kg,溶出率最高达到10.391%,说明锑矿区废渣和冶炼固废中的重金属释放与固废的重金属含量不成正比。浸出实验表明,锑矿采矿废石浸出液Sb浓度达到3.55 mg/L,超过贵州省环境污染物Sb的排放标准(0.5 mg/L)7.11倍;锑矿鼓风炉燃烧残渣浸出液Sb浓度为3.11 mg/L,超过标准6.23倍。因此锑矿区露天堆放的固体废物,经酸雨淋溶浸泡产生的废液会污染周边水体,可能对周边生态和居民造成危害。

Chemical Composition and Heavy Metals Dissolution Characteristics of Antimony Mining Waste and Smelting Residue

Chemical composition and dissolution characteristics under simulated acid rain of pH from antimony mining solid waste and smelting residue were studied.Results indicated that mine tailings,flotation tailing,blast furnace slag and blast furnace combustion residues contain Sb,V and other heavy metal contaminants,with blast furnace slag content of Sb up to 1.22 g/kg and dissolution rate 0.355%,mine tailings of the lowest levels of Sb up to 0.34 g/kg and dissolution rate up to 10.391%.Results showed that antimony mining and smelting solid waste releases of heavy metals are not proportional to heavy metals in solid waste.Leaching experiments showed that Sb concentration of antimony tailings leachate 3.55 mg/L is 7.11-fold more than Sb emission standards of environmental pollutants of Guizhou Province 0.5 mg/L,while Sb content of blast furnace combustion residues leachate is 6.23-fold more than the standard of 3.11 mg/L.The leachate which would pollute the nearby water is great harm to local ecology and people’s health.