超市塑料袋使用行为的环境实验研究

塑料购物袋一直是社会关注的热点环境问题。文章以上海某超市为对象,采用现场观察实验方法记录了5 086份超市顾客塑料袋使用行为的样本,初步揭示了超市塑料袋使用情况和塑料袋使用的顾客行为特征,尝试为超市塑料袋的环境管理政策提供基础性的科学依据。结果表明:(1)超市中主要有3种塑料袋使用方式,依次为购买塑料袋、自带购物袋、使用免费手撕袋,其比例为15%、29%、9%,说明目前塑料袋使用行为具有一定的多样性;(2)影响顾客购买塑料袋的因素为是否有会员卡、是否徒手购物、购物金额,其偏相关系数依次为0.114、0.085、0.042。占总样本63.4%的单人购物情境中,购买塑料袋的影响因素为是否徒手购物、是否有会员卡、年龄、购物金额、性别,偏相关系数依次为0.849、0.486、0.329、0.291、0.180;说明影响塑料袋使用的因素具有综合性和复杂性。(3)顾客购物金额、购物件数、结账时间与塑料袋购买比例有密切的正相关关系;(4)按照购买塑料袋的倾向程度,可将顾客分为高、中、低3类特征群体。其中,购买倾向最高的顾客特征为无会员卡的男性中青年、非徒手购物,购物金额较高。文章研究为解决环境管理问题提供了一种基于现场观察实验方法的案例参考,建议将定量、可重复、可检验、以现场观察记录主的实验方法应用于各类环境问题研究和解决方案中,为环境管理提供更扎实的科学依据。

An Empirical Study on Behaviors of Using Plastic Bags in a Supermarket

This paper refers to an in-situ survey of how the shoppers in a supermarket of Shanghai use plastic bags.In this regard,shoppers' behaviors were recorded involving 5 086 samples that were collected during the survey,e.g,buying a new plastic bag,bringing his/her own or getting free packaged bags provided by the market.Factors affecting the behaviors were analyzed such as whether he/she had a membership card,whether he/she was a bare-handed shopper or not;the relative partial correlation coefficients were counted.The shoppers with higher tendency to buy plastic bags were those young and middle-aged males,non-membership-card holder,and who had bought more in the supermarket.The empirical study based on in-situ observation and recording is helpful in addressing the environmentally friendly issues such as the drives for restriction of plastic shopping bags.