垃圾填埋场空气微生物污染及评价

用撞击法采集某垃圾填埋场不同区域空气微生物样品,通过微生物浓度评价不同区域污染状况,并对优势菌落PCR产物经同源性比对分析了空气微生物的优势菌群。结果表明,填埋场的主要污染区域为裸露的填埋区和垃圾运输路段,达到轻微污染程度,其它区域均达到较清洁以上程度。风沙、扬尘大的春季微生物总浓度明显高于夏季。填埋场的空气微生物污染主要为细菌的超标,污染区域空气中的细菌总量比清洁区高13.5倍,空气微生物总浓度相差10.7倍,而霉菌的数量变化相对较小。垃圾填埋场空气中优势细菌以芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）和微球菌属（Micrococcus）为主,其中以枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）,短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）和黄金节杆菌（Arthrobacter aurescens）出现的频率较高;优势真菌菌群为青霉属（Penicillium）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、链格孢属（Alternaria）等。

Airborne microorganism pollution and its assessment in certain municipal solid waste landfill

Airborne microorganisms of certain municipal solid waste landfill in Beijing were sampled by impacting method performance.Microorganism concentration was analyzed in order to assess the regional contamination status,and dominant microbial populations were confirmed by homologous comparison of PCR products in dominant colony.The results showed that the main contamination area distributed in exposed landfill and garbage transportation road section with contamination status up to slight pollution,while other area reached clean degree or even in better condition.The airborne microorganism concentration was significantly higher in spring with more blown sand and dusty weather condition than in summer.The mainly microorganism contamination of landfill was caused by over standard concentration of bacteria.In comparison with clean area,the total amounts of bacteria in contaminated region was 13.5 times higher and total microorganism concentration even reached 10.7 times.By contrast,the changes of amount in mold were relevantly small in both kinds of area.The bacteria belonging to different genera including Bacillus,Arthrobacter and Micrococcus were dominant bacteria populations in landfill and occurrence frequency of Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus Pumilus and Arthrobacter aurescens were relatively high.As to fungal population,the fungus belonging to genera Penicillium,Aspergillus and Alternaria were dominant populations of the air microorganism in landfill.