深圳铁岗水库水体中抗生素污染特征分析及生态风险评价

近年来水体中不断被检出的抗生素逐渐成为研究者关注的焦点。许多国家的河流、湖泊、地下水中均检出了抗生素残留。目前国内外关于抗生素污染特征的研究主要集中在河流、河口湾和污水处理厂等水环境中，对于抗生素在饮用水源地水体中的污染状况研究极少。利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术（HPLC-MS/MS）检测分析了5类典型抗生素在深圳铁岗饮用水源地型水库中的污染特征。结果表明，9种目标抗生素中，有8种在铁岗水库水体中被检出，浓度范围为1.1～203 ng·L^-1，其中，林肯霉素检出浓度最高，红霉素次之，阿莫西林未检出；入库支流抗生素污染程度普遍高于铁岗水库，其中大官陂河中抗生素质量浓度最高（277.0 ng·L^-1），九围河次之（196.4 ng·L^-1）；枯水期抗生素浓度高于丰水期。采用风险商值法初步评价的结果表明，枯水期时料坑水中红霉素、大官陂河中磺胺甲噁唑和林肯霉素，以及丰水期时九围河中林肯霉素的生态风险商（RQ）均大于1，对生态环境具有高风险；风险简单叠加模型计算结果显示，枯水期时料坑水、塘头河、大官陂河以及丰水期时九围河中抗生素的联合毒性风险商（RQsum）均大于1，对生态环境可能会产生较高的风险。

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Tiegang Reservoir in Shenzhen

Antibiotics have widely been used in agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, human disease treatment and personal care. In recent years, the antibiotics detected in the water environment have gradually become a focus of concern and research. There were antibiotic residues in the rivers, lakes and groundwater in many countries. Currently, many efforts have been made to investigate the occurrences of antibiotics in the rivers, estuaries, sewage treatment plants and so on. Nevertheless, limited studies were conducted on antibiotic residues in the source water. The pollution characteristics of 5 typical groups of antibiotics in Tiegang drinking water source in Shenzhen were investigated using high performance chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that 8 of the 9 target antibiotics were detected with the concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 203 ng·L^-1. Among them, lincomycin was detected with the highest concentration, while erythromycin and amoxicillin were not found in the study. The contamination levels in the tributaries were relatively higher than in the Tiegang reservoir generally, and the highest concentration was detected in Daguanpi river（277.0 ng·L^-1）, then followed by Jiuwei river（196.4 ng·L^-1）. The antibiotic contamination levels in dry season were higher than in wet season. The ecological risk assessment revealed that risk quotients（RQs） were over than 1 for the erythromycin in Liaokengshui River, sulfamethoxazole and lincomycin in Daguanpi River（dry season）, and lincomycin in Jiuwei river（wet season）, indicating the high ecological risk. And the joint risk quotients（RQsums） of antibiotics for Liaokengshui river, Tangtou river, Daguanpi river（dry season） and Jiuwei river（wet season） calculated by simple risk addition model were all higher than 1, which indicated antibiotics would cause obvious hazard to the ecological environment currently.