生物炭对土壤水肥热效应的影响试验研究

本文通过野外大田小区试验以番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill）为供试作物，通过在土壤中施加不同含量生物炭（Biochar）研究生物炭对土壤含水率、有机碳、速效养分含量和土壤温度的影响，从而寻求一个较为合适的施用量，为生物炭在内蒙古地区的大面积推广提供科学的理论依据。试验共设5个处理，3个重复：不施加生物炭（CK），生物炭使用量分别为10 t·hm^-2（A），20 t·hm^-2（B），40 t·hm^-2（C），60 t·hm^-2（D）,在各生育期取土样测定土壤含水率、有机碳、速效养分含量，并在各生育期连续3天测定土壤地表温度。试验结果表明：不同处理下土壤含水率随生物炭施用量增加呈先增加后减小的趋势，且均高于对照组，其中施炭量为40 t·hm^-2处理的土壤含水率增幅最明显，0～10 cm土层各生育期土壤含水率较对照组最大增幅分别为20.8%、13.7%、21.8%，10～20 cm土层各生育期土壤含水率较对照组最大增幅分别为33.9%、17.1%、21.3%；不同处理下土壤温度随着生物炭施用量的增加而升高，两者具有显著的正相关关系，各生育期各处理土壤地表温度较对照组最大增幅分别为58.1%、31.3%、55.8%；不同处理土壤有机碳含量随着生物炭施用量的增加而增大，番茄各生育期各处理土壤有机碳含量较对照组最大增幅分别为80.9%、62.7%、63.9%；不同处理土壤中碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量均随生物炭施用量的增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势，且均大于对照组，各生育期各处理土壤碱解氮较对照组最大增幅分别为92.7%、45.7%、106.5%，速效磷最大增幅分别为120.1%、39.3%、250.4%，速效钾最大增幅分别为86.2%、118.5%、203.4%。综上所述，生物炭对于砂壤土具有保水、保肥、保温的特性，对于提高土壤水肥利用效率，增加土壤有机碳具有重要的作用，而且通过试验验证40 t·hm^-2的施?

The Research of BioChar’s Effect on Soil Humidity,Fertility and Temperature

Taking tomato growing in field plot as subject, the research focus on biochar’s effect on soil moisture, organic carbon, available nutrients contents and temperature by applying vary amounts of biochar on it. The research aims to find a suitable applying amount which could supplies scientific theoretical base for biochar used in large-scale Mongolia area. The experiment designs five treatments and three repetitions, which are no biochar （CK）, 10 t·hm^-2 amount of biochar, 20 t·hm^-2 amount of biochar , 40 t·hm^-2 amount of biochar and 60t·hm^-2 amount of biochar. By measuring the soil moisture, organic carbon, available nutrients contents and temperature （in three consecutive days） during different growth periods of tomato, the experiment gets the following results. Soil moisture in all four subject treatments is higher than that of the contrast one （CK）, and decreases after the increasing trend. Among of them, treatment of 40 t·hm^-2 biochar increases most. Compared with the contrast treatment （CK）, soil layer of 0-10 cm increase 20.8%、13.7%、21.8%respectively, and soil layer of 10-20 cm increase 33.9%、17.1%、21.3%respectively during the different growth periods. Both the soil temperature and organic carbon in all treatments rise with the rising applying amount of biochar：during different growth periods, the largest increasing amount for soil temperature is 58.1%、31.3%、55.8%respectively;for organic carbon is 80.9%、62.7%、63.9%respectively. Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus in all four subject treatments are higher than that of the contrast one （CK）, and also decrease after the increasing trend. During different growth periods, the largest increasing amount for alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen is 92.7%、45.7%、106.5% respectively, for available potassium is 120.1%、39.3%、250.4%respectively, and for available phosphorus is 86.2%、118.5%、203.4%respectively. In conclusion, biochar could maintain soil water, fertilizer and heat, enhan