中国城市汞污染及防治对策

简要综述了当前中国城市的汞污染状况。中国许多工业城市大气中的汞含量是纽约市大气中汞含量的数倍，甚至上百倍，在采暖期城市大气的汞污染更加严重；城市土壤中的汞含量是土壤环境背景值的数倍；河流的城市河段河水中汞质量浓度普遍很高，水质多在Ⅲ-V类；城市中的植物均有不同程度地受到汞污染，其汞含量高于国外城市的植物的汞含量；城市居民膳食中鱼的汞含量很高，对城市居民的健康产生了危害；城市居民头发中的汞质量分数大多低于1rng~kg。分析了我国城市中汞的来源并提出了防治城市汞污染的对策。

Mercury contamination in cities of China and countermeasures

The mercury contamination in cities of China was summarized in this article. The mercury concentration in atmosphere in some main industrial cities in China was higher than that of the city such as New York and the mercury pollution in atmosphere was severe in the heating period in cities of China. The mercury content of the polluted soil in cities was higher than the background level of soil. The rivers going through cities have been polluted by the waste water containing mercury. The trees can absorb mercury from environment with their roots and leaves. The mercury content of trees in cities of China had exceeded that of other countries. The mercury pollution of fish in the meal of urban residents was severe. The mercury content of hair of urban residents who were affected by the environment was below the level of 1 mg/kg. The sources of mercury contamination were industry, the combustion of coal, rubbish and the emission of exhaust gas from automobiles. The countermeasure against the mercury contamination was also men-tioned in the paper.