6种观赏植物吸收甲醛能力比较研究

城市住宅的室内空气污染十分严重,甲醛已经成为中国目前室内空气中的首要污染物.在已有的报道中,盆栽观赏植物吸收甲醛的效果并未排除盆土的净化能力,由此植物净化效果显然缺乏科学性.选用6种常用室内观赏植物,将盆土与茎叶部分隔开,放入自行研制的甲醛熏蒸箱中,对植物进行熏蒸实验.测得熏蒸前后甲醛的变化量和植物叶面积,以净吸收率及单位叶面积甲醛减少量来比较6种植物吸收甲醛能力的大小.主要结论如下:(1)甲醛质量浓度是国际标准(0.08 mg·m~(-3))23倍情况下,6种观赏植物均能吸收空气中的甲醛,且因种类不同吸收能力大小不一.吸收甲醛能力排序为:广东万年青(Aglaonema modestum)>绿萝(Epipremnum aureum)>垂叶榕(Ficus benjamina)>虎尾兰(Sansevieria trifasciata)>龟背竹(Monstera deliciosa)>四季秋海棠(Begonia semperflorens-hybr.).单位叶面积植物吸收甲醛量依次为:广东万年青绿萝>虎尾兰>龟背竹>垂叶榕>四季秋海棠.(2)甲醛质量浓度是国际标准(0.08mg·m~(-3))57倍情况下,6种观赏植物吸收甲醛能力排序为:垂叶榕>虎尾兰>绿萝>广东万年青>龟背竹>四季秋海棠.单位叶面积植物吸收甲醛量依次为:虎尾兰>垂叶榕>龟背竹>广东万年青>绿萝>四季秋海棠.(3)根据净吸收率及单位叶面积吸收甲醛量的差异,将植物的吸收能力分为两类,吸收甲醛能力较强的植物有:广东万年青、绿萝、虎尾兰、龟背竹、垂叶榕(与空白组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05));较低的植物有:四季秋海棠(与空白组相比无显著性差异).

Comparison of ability of absorbing formaldehyde among 6 species of indoor ornamentals

Indoor air pollution of city dwellings is very serious. Formaldehyde has become the most serious indoor pollutant in China today. In current reports, the effects of absorbing formaldehyde by a potted ornamental plant do not exclude the purification capacity of soil. The purification effect of plants is obviously lacking in a scientific basis. This paper has chosen 6 species of indoor ornamen-tal plants. Pot and soil are separated from the haulm and put into a self-designed fumigating box to conduct a fumigating experiment. We have measured the change of formaldehyde and the plant leaf area before and after the fumigating. Also we have compared the ability of the six plants to absorb formaldehyde based on the net ratio of absorption and the reduction of formaldehyde in the unit leaf area. The primary conclusions are as follows: (1) If the mass concentration of formaldehyde is 23 times as high as the international standard (0.08 mg·m~(-3)), all the six kinds of ornamental plants can absorb formaldehyde in the air, but their absorption capacity varies with each kind. Their absorption capacity is as follows: Aglaonema modestum>Epipremnum aureum>Ficus benjamina>Sansevieria trifasciata>Monstera deliciosa>Begnnia semperfloreas-hybr. The absorption efficiency of the formaldehyde amount per unit of leaf area is as follows: Aglaonema modestum > Epipremnum aureum > Sansevieria trifasciata > Monstera deliciosa > Ficus benjamina >Begonia semperflorens-hybr. (2) If the mass concentration of formaldehyde is 57 times as high as the international standard (0.08 mg·m~(-3)), their absorption capacity is as follows: Ficus benjamina > Sansevieria trifasciata > Epipremnum aureum > Aglaonema modestum > Monstera deliciosa > Begonia semperflorens-hybr. The absorption capacity of the formaldehyde amount per unit of leaf area is as follows: Sansevieria trifasciata > Ficus benjamina > Monstera deliciosa > Agiaonema modestum > Epipremnum aureum >Begonia semperflorens-hybr. (3) According to the net ratio of absorption and the absorption capacity of the formaldehyde amount per unit of leaf area, the absorption capacity of the plants falls into two categories: the plants that absorb more formaldehyde include: Aglaonema modestum, Epipremnum aureum, Sansevieria trifasciata, Monstera deliciosa, Ficus benjamina. (There is a striking dif-ference when compared to the blank group (P<0.05)); those which absorb less formaldehyde include: Begonia semperflorens-hybr. (There is no striking difference when compared to the blank group).